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Lpi 702-100 exam is designed for those who want to demonstrate their expertise in BSD installation and software management. It is a challenging exam that requires candidates to have a deep understanding of the BSD operating system, including its architecture, file system, and networking protocols. 702-100 exam covers a range of topics, including package management, system initialization, kernel configuration, and troubleshooting.
NEW QUESTION # 18
What directory holds the ports collection on FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. /ports/
- B. /var/db/packages/
- C. /tmp/ports/
- D. /usr/local/pkg/
- E. /usr/ports/
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
Explanation
The ports collection on FreeBSD is a package management system that allows users to install third-party software from source or binary packages. The ports collection is stored in the /usr/ports/ directory, which contains subdirectories for different categories of software, such as archivers, databases, editors, etc. Each subdirectory contains one or more ports, which are directories that contain the files needed to build and install the software. The /usr/ports/ directory can be updated with the portsnap command34 Binary packages are pre-compiled versions of the ports that can be installed with the pkg command. Binary packages are downloaded from the FreeBSD package repository,which is hosted at pkg.freebsd.org. The packages are installed in the /usr/local/ directory by default, and the information about the installed packages is stored in the /usr/local/pkg/ directory. The /usr/local/pkg/ directory contains files with the .db extension, which are SQLite databases that store the metadata of the packages. The pkg command can query and manipulate these databases56 References: 3: https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/ports/ 4:
https://www.freebsd.org/ports/ 5: https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/pkgng-intro/ 6:
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=8
NEW QUESTION # 19
On BSD systems that provide an interactive adduser script, which configuration file stores the default adduser settings?
- A. pw.conf
- B. adduser.conf
- C. login, conf
- D. user.conf
- E. usermgmt. conf
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The adduser.conf file is used to store the default settings for the interactive adduser script on BSD systems.
The adduser script is a shell script that uses the pw command to add new users to the system. It creates passwd/group entries, a home directory, copies dotfiles and sends the new user a welcome message. The adduser.conf file allows the administrator to pre-set certain configuration options, such as the default shell, home partition, login group, encryption method, etc. The other options are either invalid files or belong to other purposes. For example, login.conf is used to define login classes, pw.conf is used to configure the pw command, user.conf is used to set user-specific kernel variables, and usermgmt.conf is used to configure user management utilities. References:
adduser - FreeBSD adduser(8) Manual Page1
adduser.conf - FreeBSD adduser.conf(5) Manual Page2
[pw] - FreeBSD pw(8) Manual Page
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which file on a BSD system defines the printers which are available by the Ipr printing system'? (Specify the full name of the file including path)
Answer:
Explanation:
/etc/printcap
Explanation
The /etc/printcap file on a BSD system defines the printers that are available by the Ipr printing system. The Ipr printing system is a BSD-compatible printing system that uses the lpd daemon to manage print jobs and spooling. The /etc/printcap file contains a series of entries, one for each printer, that specify the printer name, device, options, and filters. The format and syntax of the /etc/printcap file are described in the printcap(5) manual page. References:
About Printing on FreeBSD | The FreeBSD Forums
The BSD Printing Protocol (System Administration Guide, Volume 2) - Oracle Chapter 11. Printing | FreeBSD Documentation Portal
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following commands can be used to connect to a remote TCP service?
- A. service
- B. connect
- C. portstat
- D. listen
- E. netcat
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The command netcat is a versatile networking utility that can be used to read from and write to network connections using TCP or UDP protocols. It is often used for debugging and investigating the network and can be used to connect to a remote TCP service.
References:
BSD Specialist Exam 702 Objectives - Linux Professional Institute
FreeBSD Handbook - Networking
NEW QUESTION # 22
Which directories contain start scripts for services on FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. /usr/rc.d/
- B. /usr/local/etc/rc.d/
- C. /etc/red/
- D. /var/boot/rc.d/
- E. /boot/red/
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Explanation
The directories that contain start scripts for services on FreeBSD are /usr/rc.d/ and /usr/local/etc/rc.d/. The
/usr/rc.d/ directory contains the system-provided scripts for the base system services, such as cron, sshd, syslogd, etc. The /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ directory contains the scripts for the additional services installed from ports or packages, such as apache, mysql, nginx, etc. These scripts follow the BSD rc.d framework, which allows for fine-grained control and customization of the startup process. The scripts are invoked by the main
/etc/rc script, which sources the /etc/rc.conf file for configuration options
https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/rc-scripting/
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which command sends the contents of the file myconfigfile by email to me@mycompany. com?
- A. mail [email protected] I cat myconfigfile
- B. mail myconfigfile -r [email protected]
- C. cat myconfigfile > [email protected]
- D. cat myconfigfile I mail [email protected]
- E. mail [email protected] > cat myconfigfile
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 24
When replacing the system MTA with another mail server program, which configuration file needs to be updated with the path to the new MTA?
- A. sendmail. conf
- B. mail.conf
- C. postfix.conf
- D. mta.conf
- E. mailer.conf
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The mailer.conf file is used to configure the mailer programs on a BSD system. It allows the system administrator to replace the default mailer programs, such as sendmail, with alternative ones, such as postfix or exim. The mailer.conf file contains a series of entries, each consisting of a label, an equal sign, and a command. The label is the name of the default mailer program, and the command is the path to the alternative mailer program that will be executed instead. For example, to replace sendmail with postfix, the mailer.conf file should contain the following entries:
sendmail /usr/local/sbin/sendmail send-mail /usr/local/sbin/sendmail mailq /usr/local/sbin/sendmail newaliases
/usr/local/sbin/sendmail hoststat /usr/local/sbin/sendmail purgestat /usr/local/sbin/sendmail The mailer.conf file is read by the mailwrapper program, which is a binary that acts as a wrapper for the mailer programs. The mailwrapper program is installed as /usr/sbin/sendmail and /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail, and it invokes the appropriate mailer program based on the mailer.conf file. Therefore, to replace the system MTA with another mail server program, the mailer.conf file needs to be updated with the path to the new MTA.
References:
Chapter 31. Electronic Mail | FreeBSD Documentation Portal
DragonFlyBSD: mta
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which command sets 192.168 1 1 as the default gateway on a BSD system'?
- A. route add gw 192.168.1.1
- B. route add default 192.168.1.1
- C. route gateway 192.168.1.1
- D. route set 192.168.1.1
- E. route default 192.168.1.1
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The command route add default 192.168.1.1 is used to set the default gateway on a BSD system. This command adds a default route to the routing table, directing traffic to the specified gateway IP address when no other route matches.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook - Routing
OpenBSD Change, Add or Display Default Gateway
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of the following programs can be used to enumerate all responsive hosts on a subnet?
- A. route
- B. traceroute
- C. netstat
- D. nmap
- E. rtso1
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Nmap is a program that can be used to enumerate all responsive hosts on a subnet. Nmap stands for Network Mapper, and it is a tool that can perform network discovery, port scanning, service detection, vulnerability assessment, and more. Nmap can send different types of packets to probe the hosts on a subnet and determine which ones are alive and what services they are running. Nmap can also perform OS fingerprinting, which can identify the operating system of the target hosts. Nmap has many options and features that can customize the scan according to the user's needs and preferences. The other programs are not suitable for enumerating all responsive hosts on a subnet, because:
A: traceroute: This program is used to trace the route of packets from the source host to the destination host. It can show the intermediate hops and the latency of each hop. However, it cannot show all the hosts on a subnet, only the ones that are on the path to the destination.
B: netstat: This program is used to display the status of network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, and more. It can show the local and remote addresses and ports of the active connections, but it cannot show all the hosts on a subnet, only the ones that are connected to the local host.
D: rtso1: This is not a valid program name, but it may be a typo for rtso, which is a program that can perform TCP SYN scanning. However, this program is not as versatile and powerful as nmap, and it can only scan TCP ports, not UDP or other protocols.
E: route: This program is used to manipulate the routing table, which is used to determine the next hop for a packet based on its destination address. It can show the destination, gateway, interface, and flags of each route, but it cannot show all the hosts on a subnet, only the ones that are reachable via a specific gateway. References: 6: https://nmap.org/book/man.html 7:
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&sektion=8 :
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1 :
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtso&sektion=1 :
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8
NEW QUESTION # 27
When using the default TFTP server on a BSD system, which configuration file needs to be edited before the TFTP service will start?
- A. rc.conf
- B. tftpd.conf
- C. inetd.conf
- D. init.conf
- E. service, conf
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The inetd.conf file is the configuration file that needs to be edited before the TFTP service will start on a BSD system. The inetd daemon handles the TFTP service and other network services, and its configuration file contains settings that determine howthese services are managed. To enable the TFTP service, the corresponding entry in inetd.conf must be uncommented and properly configured. References:
FreeBSD Handbook - inetd
Linux Professional Institute BSD Specialist Exam Objectives
NEW QUESTION # 28
How often does? match the preceding expression in a regular expression?
- A. Exactly one time
- B. Any number of times
- C. Zero or one times
- D. One or more times
- E. Two or more times
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The question mark (?) is a special character in regular expressions that modifies the preceding expression to match zero or one times. For example, the regular expression colou?r matches both color and colour, but not colouur or colr. The question mark is also used to make an expression non-greedy, meaning that it will match the shortest possible string instead of the longest. For example, the regular expression <.?> matches the first pair of angle brackets in a string, while <.> matches the entire string enclosed by the outermost pair of angle brackets. References:
Regular expression - Wikipedia, section "Basic concepts"
How to write Regular Expressions? - GeeksforGeeks, section "Special Characters"
NEW QUESTION # 29
Given the following listing
-rw-r-r- 1root whee115254 Nov 13 08:55 bobsfile
How can the superuser grant the user bob write permission to this file?
- A. vipw -u bob bobsfile
- B. chperm 664 bobsfile
- C. chown bob:bob bobsfile
- D. chgrp bob bobsfile
- E. chmod +x bobsfile
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The command chown changes the ownership of a file or directory. The syntax is chown user:group file, where user is the new owner and group is the new group of the file. In this case, the superuser can grant the user bob write permission to the file by changing both the owner and the group of the file to bob. This way, bob will have the same permissions as the original owner, which is read and write. Alternatively, the superuser can also use the command chmod to change the permissions of the file without changing the ownership. For example, chmod g+w bobsfile will add write permission to the group, and chmod o+w bobsfile will add write permission to others. However, these commands will also affect other users who belong to the same group or are not the owner or the group of the file. References:
FreeBSD Handbook: File and Directory Ownership
FreeBSD Handbook: File and Directory Permissions
Linux Professional Institute BSD Specialist: 702.1 Filesystem and Devices
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following commands installs binary packages on OpenBSD?
- A. pkg_add
- B. pkg install
- C. port add
- D. portinst
- E. pkgbin
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The command pkg_add is used to install binary packages on OpenBSD systems. It is a utility for installing and upgrading software packages from binary files. When using pkg_add, the system will fetch and install the specified package, along with any dependencies it may have123.
References:
OpenBSD manual pages - packages(7)
nixCraft - OpenBSD install or add binary software package using pkg_add
NEW QUESTION # 31
What file contains values for MIBs which are set during system startup? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)
Answer:
Explanation:
/etc/rc.conf
Explanation
The file /etc/rc.conf contains values for Management Information Bases (MIBs) which are set during system startup. This file is used to configure system-wide settings, including the enabling and disabling of services, network settings, and other startup configurations2.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook - The FreeBSD Booting Process
NEW QUESTION # 32
What option of uname displays the version of the running operating system'? (Specify ONLY the option name without any values or parameters.)
Answer:
Explanation:
-v
Explanation
In FreeBSD, theunamecommand is used to display system information. The option-vspecifically displays the version of the running operating system. This information is critical for system administrators and users who need to know the exact version of the OS they are working with, particularly when troubleshooting, updating, or configuring the system for specific software requirements.
https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uname&sektion=1&format=html
The -v or --version option of the uname command displays the version level of the operating system. This is a string that identifies the release date and patch level of the system. For example, on FreeBSD, the output would be something like:
FreeBSD 13.0-RELEASE-p4 #0: Tue Aug 24 07:12:34 UTC 2021
This indicates that the system is running FreeBSD 13.0, with the fourth patch applied, and that the kernel was built on August 24, 2021. The version level can be useful to determine the compatibility and security of the system, as well as to report bugs or issues.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which of the following tar options handle compression'? (Choose TWO correct answers)
- A. -x
- B. -J
- C. -z
- D. -c
- E. -v
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
The tar command is used to create or extract compressed archive files on BSD systems. It can handle various compression formats, such as gzip, bzip2, xz, and lzma. The tar command takes different options to specify the compression type, such as -z for gzip, -j for bzip2, -J for xz, and -Z for lzma. The other options are not related to compression, but to other functions of the tar command, such as -x for extracting, -c for creating, and -v for verbose output. References:
[tar(1) - OpenBSD manual pages]
[FreeBSD Handbook - Chapter 3. Unix Basics]
[FreeBSD Handbook - Chapter 18. Storage]
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which FreeBSD command updates packages to newer versions'?
- A. pkg upgrade
- B. pkg pull
- C. pkg update
- D. pkg audit
- E. pkg refresh
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The command pkg upgrade is used to update FreeBSD packages to newer versions. It compares the versions of installed packages with those in the repositories and performs upgrades as necessary. The pkg update command is used to update the repository catalog, but it does not perform the actual package upgrades1.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook - Packages and Ports
NEW QUESTION # 35
What does S l represent in the following lines from a Bourne shell script:
#! /bin/sh
cp SI 52
- A. A control operator.
- B. The shebang.
- C. An environmental variable.
- D. A positional parameter.
- E. A function.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The command cp SI 52 in the Bourne shell script copies the file named by the value of SI to the file named 52.
The SI is a positional parameter that represents the first argument passed to the script when it is executed.
Positional parameters are numbered from 1 to 9, and can be accessed by using the dollar sign $ followed by the number. For example, $1 is the first positional parameter, $2 is the second, and so on. Therefore, the SI in the script is equivalent to $1, and it represents the first argument passed to the script. The correct answer is D.
A positional parameter. References:
[Positional Parameters - FreeBSD]
[Shell Scripting Tutorial - Positional Parameters]
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which BSD command lists, adds, or deletes swap devices?
- A. swapinfo
- B. diskcontro1
- C. mkswap
- D. swapct1
- E. swap
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The swapctl command is used to list, add, or delete swap devices on BSD systems. It can also display the total amount of swap space available and used. The swapctl command takes various options to perform different actions, such as -l to list the swap devices, -a to add a swap device, -d to delete a swap device, and -s to show the swapsummary. The other options are not valid BSD commands for managing swap devices. References:
swapctl(8) - OpenBSD manual pages
FreeBSD Handbook - Chapter 19. The FreeBSD Booting Process
FreeBSD Handbook - Chapter 9. Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel
NEW QUESTION # 37
Consider the following file legal file:
disclosure
non-disclosure
non-disclosure
Which line or lines in the file does the following command match? Note the space after the dash within the brackets.
grep "non [-] disclosure" legalfile
- A. non-disclosure only
- B. disclosure and non-disclosure only
- C. disclosure only
- D. non-disclosure only
- E. non-disclosure and non-disclosure Only
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The command grep "non [-] disclosure" legalfile matches the lines in the file that contain the pattern non [-] disclosure, where the brackets indicate a character class that matches either a space or a dash. Therefore, the lines that contain non-disclosure or non - disclosure are matched by the command, while the line that contains disclosure only is not matched. The file has two lines that contain non-disclosure, so the correct answer is E. non-disclosure and non-disclosure Only. References:
grep - IBM
Character Classes and Bracket Expressions - GNU
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which command shows all processes owned by the user bob?
- A. pgrep -u bob
- B. ps -o -a bob
- C. top bob
- D. who -1 bob
- E. last -p bob
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The pgrep command is used to find processes by various criteria, such as user name, group name, process ID, command name, etc. The -u option specifies the user name or user ID to match. Therefore, the command pgrep
-u bob will show all processes owned by the user bob. The output will be a list of process IDs, one per line. To show more information about the processes, such as command name, arguments, state, etc., the -l, -a, and -f options can be used. For example, the command pgrep -l -u bob will show the process ID and the command name for each process owned by bob. References:
pgrep - FreeBSD, the manual page for the pgrep command on FreeBSD.
How to use pgrep and pkill commands in Linux - Linuxize, a tutorial on how to use the pgrep and pkill commands in Linux.
NEW QUESTION # 39
What subnet mask is used on network 192 168 32 0 in the following output?
Fxp0: flags=8843 <UP, BROADCAST, RUNNING, SIMPLEX, MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=8 inet 192.168.50.162 netmask OxffffeOOO broadcast 192.168.63.255 ether 00:09:6B: 13:42:9f media: Ethernet autoselect (lOObaseTX <full-duplex>) status: active
- A. /28
- B. /25
- C. 255 255.224.0
- D. 0
- E. 1
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The subnet mask 255.255.224.0 corresponds to the hexadecimal netmask 0xffffe000 shown in the output. This subnet mask indicates a subnet with 19 bits for the network portion and 13 bits for the host portion, allowing for a large number of hosts within the subnet.
References:
BSD Specialist Exam 702 Objectives - Linux Professional Institute
FreeBSD Handbook - Networking
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which of the following commands have to be used in order to update FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. freebsd-update fetch
- B. freebsd-update resolvedeps
- C. freebsd-update repoupdate
- D. freebsd-update all
- E. freebsd-update install
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
Explanation
To update FreeBSD, the freebsd-update fetch command is used to download available binary updates, and the freebsd-update install command is used to apply the downloaded updates to the system. These commands are part of the freebsd-update utility, which supports binary security and errata updates to the FreeBSD base system without the need for manual compilation and installation2.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook - freebsd-update
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which of the following commands creates a ZFS snapshot of the dataset space/data named snap1?
- A. zfs reflink space/data snapl@space/data
- B. zfs create space/data: snap1
- C. zfs shadow space/data space/data/snap1
- D. zfs snapshot space/data@snap1
- E. zfs copy -s space snap1
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The zfs snapshot command creates a snapshot of a ZFS dataset, which is a point-in-time copy of the data. The snapshot name is specified as follows: filesystem@snapname or volume@snapname. The snapshot name must satisfy the naming requirements in ZFS Component Naming Requirements1. In this case, the command zfs snapshot space/data@snap1 creates a snapshot of the dataset space/data named snap1. The other options are either invalid or do not create a snapshot. References: 1:https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/819-5461/gbcya/index.html
NEW QUESTION # 42
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